How is HPV transmitted and infection methods

On Earth, about 80% of the population are infected with human papillomavirus.Since not only harmless papillomas can appear due to infection of HPV on the body, but also condylomas, as well as outgrowths that can be malignant, it is very important to know how HPV is transmitted.Perhaps this knowledge will help someone avoid infection and protect themselves from such dangerous diseases as cancer of the uterine neck, vulva, vagina, anal, penis and even mammary gland.In the article we will talk about HPV: how is transmitted, risk factors and preventive measures.

How is human papillomavirus transmitted?

To begin with, it is worth saying that papilloma is transmitted through the epidermis and saliva.At the same time, for some time the infection may not make itself felt and manifest itself by the formation of a condy and papilloma only with a decrease in immunity.

If we talk about how the papilloma virus is transmitted, then the likelihood of infection in the presence of damage, scratches and abrasions on the skin is significantly increased.

Attention!Many people are interested in whether papilloma is inherited.Answer, no.Just when one of the family members is infected, the papilloma virus is transmitted in everyday life or from mother to baby during childbirth.

The following ways of transmitting a viral infection from humans to person are known:

1. It is transmitted to the domestic way, that is, through touch, common household items, clothes.The transmission of infection can occur through a kiss.
2. If a person has genital papillomas, the transmission could occur sexually, that is, during unprotected sex.
3. Self -extension is possible with shaving, hair removal and other skin injuries.Since papilloma is contagious to the surrounding healthy skin cells, the person himself can transfer the body from patients with the body to healthy ones.
4. A vertical way of infection is the transfer of infection from mother to child during birth.
5. Much less often, infection occurs during transfusion of donor blood, during the prompt removal of neoplasms caused by HPV.Infection is also not excluded in cosmetic salons, manicure rooms, baths, saunas and pools, where aseptic rules are neglected.

If we talk about how you can get infected with papilloma, then in 70 % of cases of sexual infection the culprit is a man.In the presence of an epithelial neoplasm on the lips or genitals, the probability of infection is almost 90%.It is also worth considering that the presence of a condom, although reduces the risk of infection, still does not guarantee 100 percent protection, since HPV can penetrate through microtrauma on the skin of the hands and other parts of the body.Moreover, condylomas can be localized in the groin or on the pubic part, where the condom will not protect against direct contact with the partner.

Important!If one of the partners is the carrier of the virus, but he does not have papillomas, warts or condyl, the risk of infection of the second partner is significantly reduced.

If you list all the methods, how to get infected with a newborn papillomavirus, then infection in the intrauterine period is unlikely, since the virus does not penetrate the blood and the fetus is reliably protected by amniotic fluids, a bubble and a placenta.However, in medical practice, rare cases of intrauterine infection were recorded in case of damage to the placenta and fetal bladder.

It is very important for women planning a pregnancy to know whether the father of the child is contrast and whether he can convey the infection of the future mother, since genital condylomas that have appeared during pregnancy are very dangerous for the child.In the case of infection of the baby during childbirth, there is a threat of papillomatosis of the larynx and subsequent suffocation.Since the infection is transmitted through saliva, it is important to take into account the presence of a man in papillomas, condy and warts at the mouth and on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, because an infection of a woman with oral caresses can occur.

If one of the family members has papilloma, as it is transmitted in everyday life, it is important for all households to know:

• Through general bedding, towels, soap, cosmetics, washcloth and other personal belongings, the virus can penetrate into microtrauma on the skin;
• infection through saliva is possible when using one toothbrush, glasses or other dishes;
• Also, infection through clothes and other household items are also possible.

Risk factors

We figured out how to get infected with the human papillomavirus, but it is no less important to know, not only the ways to transmit infection, but also the risk factors for infection with papillomavirus.

So, human papillomavirus will be much easier to penetrate the skin and mucous membranes against the background of the following provoking factors:

1. In men, children and women, infection is most likely against the background of reduced immunity.This can be facilitated by a common cold or angina.

2. The risk of infection with HPV increases with a violation of the microflora of the intestines or vagina.In the first case, general immunity suffers, in the second case, local protective forces of the body are reduced, and the probability of infection is increased.
3. The sexual paths of infection are often the cause of infection against the background of other sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomonosis).
4. Any transmission methods can be potentially dangerous for a person against the background of an exacerbation of a chronic illness, when the body is weakened by the disease.
5. There is no doubt whether papilloma is infectious.The virus can easily penetrate from the carrier inside the cell of a healthy person if his defenses are weakened by stress, a breakdown of strength, overwork or depression.

Important!Any viruses are easier for men and women who have bad habits (smoking, alcohol).The risk of infection in women taking combined contraceptives also increases significantly.

The predisposing factors for sexual transmission of the virus are the following states and diseases:

• Previously, the beginning of sexual activity;
• prostitution;
• frequent change of sexual partners;
• illegible sexual life;
• history of sexually transmitted diseases;
• age older than 35 years;
• pathology of the cervix;
• immunodeficiency states.

Prevention

We figured out how the human papillomavirus (women, men and children) is transmitted, now it remains to consider preventive measures.It is worth saying right away that the most effective way, how not to become infected, is a preventive vaccination.To date, two types of vaccines from this infection are known.They protect against the most dangerous cancer viral infection strains.However, the high efficiency of such protection is observed only during vaccination at an early age, before entering into a sex life or until one of the HPV strains is infected.

As for other methods of prevention, the rules of hygiene, the use of a condom, selective sex life and the rejection of bad habits have not been canceled.It is useful to support the fortress of the immune system: to eat, harden, play sports, walk in the fresh air, periodically drink vitamins.